Nootropic · Racetam · GABA-B Upregulator

Fasoracetam: The GABA-B Racetam with ADHD Trial Data

Last updated: April 2026

Fasoracetam stands out among racetams for its unique GABA-B receptor upregulation — the same mechanism that may help with phenibut recovery. It's also the only racetam with published clinical trial data for ADHD, albeit in a genetically-defined subgroup with mGluR mutations.

3
mGluR Groups Modulated
Groups I, II, and III metabotropic glutamate receptors
Phase 2
ADHD Trial Status
NFC-1 trial in mGluR-mutation adolescents
10–400mg
Dose Range
vs. piracetam's 1,600–4,800mg

How Fasoracetam Works

Fasoracetam has a more complex mechanism than most racetams, hitting multiple neurotransmitter systems simultaneously — which is both its advantage and what makes it hard to predict.

🧠
GABA-B Receptor Upregulation

This is fasoracetam's most distinctive mechanism. It upregulates (increases the number and/or sensitivity of) GABA-B receptors. GABA-B receptors are inhibitory metabotropic receptors involved in anxiety regulation, memory consolidation, and addiction circuitry. This distinguishes fasoracetam from all other racetams.

mGluR Modulation (All Groups)

Fasoracetam modulates all three groups of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Group I mGluRs (1, 5) are excitatory; fasoracetam's modulation may normalize overactive glutamatergic signaling. This is the proposed mechanism for its effects in ADHD — the NFC-1 trial specifically targeted patients with mGluR network gene mutations.

🔋
Cholinergic Enhancement

Like other racetams, fasoracetam upregulates high-affinity choline uptake (HACU), increasing acetylcholine synthesis and availability. This contributes to the memory and cognitive effects associated with the racetam class. Co-supplementation with a choline source (Alpha-GPC, CDP-choline) is generally recommended.

🎛️
Glutamate-GABA Balance

The combination of GABA-B upregulation and mGluR modulation positions fasoracetam as a "glutamate-GABA balancer." Hyperactive glutamate signaling is implicated in anxiety, ADHD, and autism spectrum conditions. Normalizing this balance — rather than just sedating or stimulating — is the theorized basis for its anxiolytic and focus-promoting effects.

Fasoracetam vs Other Racetams

Where fasoracetam fits in the racetam family — and why it's different enough to deserve its own category.

Piracetam
1,600–4,800mg/day
AMPA modulation
Choline upregulation
Mild stimulation
Original racetam
Fasoracetam ⭐
10–400mg/day
GABA-B upregulation
mGluR I/II/III modulation
Anxiolytic + focus
Phase 2 ADHD trial
Coluracetam
5–80mg/day
HACU upregulation
Visual enhancement
Mood + focus
MDD trial data
Noopept
10–30mg/day
BDNF/NGF increase
AMPA/NMDA modulation
Neuroprotection
Russian approval
Oxiracetam
1,200–2,400mg/day
AMPA + NMDA
Mild stimulation
Logical reasoning
Choline required
Pramiracetam
400–1,200mg/day
HACU upregulation
Memory consolidation
Potent choline user
Some human trials

The ADHD Trial (NFC-1)

Fasoracetam's most significant human evidence comes from a precision medicine trial targeting a specific genetic subgroup of ADHD patients.

ADHD-RS Score Improvement (mGluR mutation group)
Significant reduction in ADHD rating scale scores vs. baseline
Significant
CGI Improvement (Clinical Global Impression)
Clinician-rated global improvement in the mGluR subgroup
Positive
Trial Size
Small pilot — 30 adolescent participants (limitation)
n=30
Safety Profile
No serious adverse events — well tolerated at 50-800mg BID
Clean
🧬
Precision Medicine Angle

The trial's most important finding: fasoracetam worked better in patients with confirmed mGluR network gene mutations. This is precision pharmacology — matching the drug's mechanism (mGluR modulation) to the patient's specific biology. Most ADHD drugs don't have this genetic targeting. This was a Phase 2 trial — not large enough for definitive conclusions, but mechanistically compelling.

Dosing Protocol

Fasoracetam is orally bioavailable and reasonably potent — much lower doses than piracetam. It can be taken sublingually for faster onset.

📊
Starting Dose

10–25mg twice daily. Start here for 1-2 weeks before considering increases. Many users find this range provides noticeable GABA-B upregulation effects (reduced anxiety, improved sleep quality) without overstimulation. The twice-daily dosing aligns with its half-life.

📈
Therapeutic Range

25–200mg twice daily. The ADHD trial used 50–800mg twice daily — the upper end is research-grade. For cognitive enhancement, most users plateau benefit around 100–200mg per dose. Higher doses don't reliably produce better results and may cause fatigue.

🔄
Cycling

Cycle 4–8 weeks on, 2–4 weeks off. Like all racetams, continuous use can lead to tolerance. The GABA-B upregulation effect may be self-limiting — once receptors are sufficiently upregulated, benefits plateau. Cycling prevents downregulation of any adapted receptors.

🧪
Choline Stack

While fasoracetam's mechanism is less choline-dependent than piracetam, co-administration with Alpha-GPC (300mg) or CDP-Choline (250-500mg) is still recommended. The HACU upregulation effect increases choline demand. Choline headaches (racetam headache) are less common but possible.

Side Effects & Considerations

Generally Well Tolerated

The ADHD trial (50–800mg twice daily) reported no serious adverse events. The safety profile appears favorable. No hepatotoxicity, cardiovascular effects, or addiction liability has been documented. It does not appear to have the GABA-A agonism that makes phenibut problematic.

⚠️
Possible Side Effects

Fatigue or brain fog at higher doses. GI discomfort (take with food). Mild headache if choline is inadequate. Excessive sedation if stacked with other GABA-ergic compounds. Some users report rebound anxiety after stopping — suggests real GABA-B modulation but also potential for mild dependence-like effects with prolonged use.

Phenibut Interaction

Fasoracetam may help restore GABA-B receptor density after phenibut use (which downregulates GABA-B). This is theoretically useful but also means the two should not be combined — the interaction is unpredictable. Never use fasoracetam as a "phenibut enabler"; use it for recovery only, after full clearance.

🔬
Unknown Long-Term Profile

Long-term human data doesn't exist. The trial was 5 weeks. Like all research compounds, extrapolating safety beyond studied durations requires caution. Given its GABA-B modulation, effects on the GABAergic system with long-term use warrant monitoring — though no concerning signals emerged in short-term studies.

Explore More

Side Effects Frequency

Based on the Phase 2 ADHD trial (NFC-1) and community self-reports. Generally well-tolerated at doses up to 800mg twice daily.

GI Discomfort (nausea, upset stomach)
Most common — take with food to reduce
~15%
Fatigue / Brain Fog (high doses)
Dose-dependent — more common above 200mg per dose
~12%
Headache (choline deficit)
Reduced by choline co-supplementation (Alpha-GPC / CDP-choline)
~10%
Rebound Anxiety (after stopping)
Suggests real GABA-B modulation — taper recommended
~8%
Serious Adverse Events
None reported in NFC-1 trial at 50–800mg BID
~0%

Key Takeaways

✅ What We Know
  • Only racetam with published Phase 2 human trial data for ADHD (NFC-1)
  • Unique GABA-B upregulation mechanism not found in other racetams
  • Modulates all three mGluR groups — broader CNS profile than piracetam
  • Well-tolerated at doses up to 800mg twice daily in adolescents
  • Theoretically useful for phenibut recovery via GABA-B restoration
⚠️ What We Don't Know
  • Phase 2 trial was small (n=30) — not large enough for definitive conclusions
  • Long-term safety and dependence liability unknown beyond 5-week trial
  • Benefits in non-mGluR-mutation ADHD are not established
  • Optimal dose for cognitive enhancement in healthy adults is empirical only
  • Interaction with other GABA-ergic compounds is unpredictable

Related Supplements

Choline sources and nootropic stack components commonly paired with fasoracetam to support the cholinergic demand it creates.

⚠️ Research Purposes Only

Fasoracetam is not approved by the FDA for any indication. This content is educational and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a physician before use. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any condition.